Compression

Not to be confused with data compression common in .mp3s, compression as used by Engineering refers to the compression (or reduction) of the dynamic range of a signal. Most basic compressors have a threshold, ratio and make up gain control.

Threshold

The threshold is where, above a certain level of loudness, such as -18dB (where 0dB is maximum relative loudness) the compressor begins reducing the dynamic range or maximum peak values of the audio signal.

Ratio The ratio is how hard a compressor works to reduce dynamic range above the threshold. With a threshold of 1:1, the Compressor does not do anything to the audio signal.